Many people consider insect bites to be nothing more than an itchy inconvenience. An uncomfortable itch experienced after a hike may seem like an inevitable part of enjoying nature. While most mosquito bites are harmless, some can transmit viruses and other illnesses.
In Jackson County, this is especially true, as officials have detected West Nile virus in two local mosquito pools over the last month. The detection comes during peak West Nile season, as the CDC notes that diagnosed human cases typically reach their highest levels in late August and early September and continue through fall.
West Nile is one of the most common mosquito borne diseases in the continental United States. About 80 percent of people infected with West Nile develop no symptoms, while others may experience mild illness. The virus can pose greater risks for older adults, people with weakened immune systems and those with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure or kidney disease. Risk also increases with age, with adults 65 and older three times more likely to develop severe neurologic illness, a rare but serious complication of West Nile.
As mosquito season continues into the fall, Jackson County community members can take a few simple steps to reduce insect bites, recognize symptoms and understand when medical attention may be needed.
Spot the Signs
Most insect bites cause mild reactions such as itching, redness, warmth or minor swelling, and these symptoms can typically be managed with basic first aid. Washing the affected area, applying an ice pack and using over the counter anti itch creams or antihistamines may help relieve discomfort.
Moderate West Nile virus symptoms can include flu like illness such as fever, headache, body and joint aches, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, fatigue and weakness. In rare, severe cases, the illness can progress to high fever, neck stiffness, confusion, tremors, seizures, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness or paralysis.
Based on your symptoms, examination, the geographic region where you were bitten and lab results, a medical professional can develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Before the Bite
Prevention remains the best defense against illnesses transmitted by insects. Wearing long sleeves and pants when possible, using EPA registered insect repellents and taking precautions around your home can significantly reduce exposure.
Mosquito prevention matters just as much. Repairing damaged window and door screens and eliminating standing water around your home, including bird baths, flowerpots, pools and unused containers, can help reduce mosquito populations and lower the risk of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.
If camping and sleeping outdoors, use bed nets treated with pyrethroid insecticide to protect against mosquitoes. Paying attention to CDC Travel Health Notices and applicable travel warnings and recommendations can also help travelers identify insect related health risks at their destinations.
Keep Prevention Going Into Fall
Early September may mark the unofficial end of summer, but mosquito season can continue well into the fall. As Jackson County residents spend time outdoors in the weeks ahead, continuing to use repellent, remove standing water and watch for potential symptoms can help reduce the risk of illness transmitted by mosquitoes.
It is also important not to dismiss symptoms simply because summer is winding down. West Nile illness can still occur during the fall, and knowing what to watch for, especially for older adults and others at greater risk of severe illness, can help residents make informed decisions about when to contact a medical professional.